- Facial Expressions
Relaxed
- Neutral expression of relaxed animal
- Eyes open and calm
- Facial muscles appear relaxed
- Positive welfare indicator
Sleepy Face
- Relaxed face with eyes half closed and mouth slightly open
- Facial muscles appear relaxed
- Positive welfare indicator
Alert Stare
- Stare with eyes open, mouth closed
- Head held upright and may visually scan surrounding environment
- Vigilant
- Negative welfare indicator if persistent
Slit Stare
- Stare with eyelids half closed, eyes slits and lowered brow
- Submissive
- In response to being approached by an aggressive marmosets
Open-mouth in Play
- Mouth open with teeth bared, or not, but eyes and face relaxed
- Playful/friendly
- Positive welfare indicator
Frown
- Stare with open eyes and lowered brow
- Aggressive
- To cause approaching marmoset to retreat
Bared Teeth Grin/Scream
- Mouth open, teeth bared (teeth visible and corners of mouth drawn back)
- Submissive/fearful
- In response to being approached by an aggressor, being ‘chastised’
- Negative welfare indicator
Open-mouth in Surprise/Fear
- Stare with eyes and mouth open
- Fearful
- Negative welfare indicator if persistent
Tufts Flattened
- Tufts/ears flatten against the head
- Usually in fear (or in aggressive situation indicating submission),
- although it occasionally occurs in play so context is important
- In response to aggression it is submissive
Tufts Flick Stare
- Marmoset flicks tufts/ears backwards and then forwards
- Occurs in aggressive contexts but in some others, so context is important
Tufts Held Forwards
- Tufts/ears held forwards and the face may redden
- Aggressive
- May be given before attacking another marmoset
